The Life Of Benjamin Franklin Essays - Benjamin Franklin

United Nations AIDS Conference Simulation Essay

Joined Nations AIDS Conference Simulation - Essay Example This reenactment action included the United Nations General Assemblies. As indicated by Starkey, Boyer, Wilkenfeld, and Starkey (2010), the General Assembly is the deliberative group of the United Nations and is comprised of the United Nations part expresses each with a vote. The United Nations AIDS Committee is answerable for proposing and arranging worldwide goals in the battle against the HIV and AIDS pestilence (Starkey, Boyer, Wilkenfeld, and Starkey, 2010). Starkey, Boyer, Wilkenfeld, and Starkey further clarify that these goals are then sent to the general gathering for a last vote (2010). Understudies were doled out various jobs either as state delegates or non state delegates. The name of the advisory group was the United Nations General Assembly. The support was the United Nations AIDS Committee who created this goals. Pre mobile expressions were utilized to express the issues that the Committee was to talk about and resolve. These announcements expressed the purposes behind the Committee to determine the issues. The issues talked about during the recreation incorporated the reaffirmation of those goals that the United Nations General Assembly had created in the past get together. The present and consistent harm brought about by the pandemic was recognized. It was distinguished that there was requirement for the board of trustees to rebuild the procedures that were at present being utilized to battle the pandemic. The council having understood the significance of country states contributions on AIDS goals endeavors invited their thoughts.

Heuristics and Cognitive Biases

Heuristics and Cognitive Biases Theories Cognitive Psychology Print Heuristics and Cognitive Biases By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 25, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 10, 2020 Verywell / Cindy Chung More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand History Use Types Bias View All Back To Top A  heuristic  is a mental shortcut that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently. These rule-of-thumb strategies shorten decision-making time and allow people to function without constantly stopping to think about their next course of action. Heuristics are helpful in many situations, but they can also lead to  cognitive biases. A Brief History of Heuristics It was during the 1950s that the Nobel-prize winning psychologist Herbert Simon suggested that while people strive to make rational choices, human judgment is subject to cognitive limitations. Purely rational decisions would involve weighing such factors as potential costs against possible benefits.?? But people are limited by the amount of time they have to make a choice as well as the amount of information we have at our disposal. Other factors such as overall intelligence and accuracy of perceptions also influence the decision-making process. During the 1970s, psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman presented their research on the cognitive biases that influence how people think and the judgments people make. As a result of these limitations, we are forced to rely on mental shortcuts to help us make sense of the world. Simons research demonstrated that humans were limited in their ability to make rational decisions, but it was Tversky and Kahnemans work that introduced the specific ways of thinking people rely on to simplify the decision-making process.?? Why Do We Use Heuristics? Why do we rely on heuristics? Psychologists have suggested a few different theories: Effort reduction: According to this theory, people utilize heuristics as a type of cognitive laziness. Heuristics reduce the mental effort required to make choices and decisions.??Attribute substitution: Other theories suggest people substitute simpler  but related questions in place of more complex and difficult questions.Fast and frugal: Still other theories argue that heuristics are actually more accurate than they are biased???. In other words, we use heuristics because they are fast and usually correct. Heuristics play important roles in both  problem-solving  and  decision-making. When we are trying to solve a problem or make a decision, we often turn to these mental shortcuts when we need a quick solution. The world is full of information, yet our brains are only capable of processing a certain amount. If you tried to analyze every single aspect of every situation or decision, you would never get anything done. In order to cope with the tremendous amount of information we encounter and to speed up the decision-making process, the brain relies on these mental strategies to simplify things so we dont have to spend endless amounts of time analyzing every detail. You probably make hundreds or even thousands of decisions every day. What should you have for breakfast? What should you wear today? Should you drive or take the bus? Should you go out for drinks later with your co-workers? Should you use a bar graph or a pie chart in your presentation? The list of decisions you make each day is endless and varied. Fortunately, heuristics allow you to make such decisions with relative ease without a great deal of agonizing. For example, when trying to decide if you should drive or ride the bus to work, you might suddenly remember that there is road construction along the standard bus route. You quickly realize that this might slow the bus and cause you to be late for work, so instead, you simply leave a little earlier and drive to work on an alternate route. Your heuristics allow you to think through the possible outcomes quickly and arrive at a solution that will work for your unique problem. Types of Heuristics Some common heuristics include the availability heuristic and the representativeness heuristic. The availability heuristic  involves making decisions based upon how easy it is to bring something to mind. When you are trying to make a decision, you might quickly remember a number of relevant examples. Since these are more readily available in your memory, you will likely judge these outcomes as being more common or frequently-occurring. For example, if you are thinking of flying and suddenly think of a number of recent airline accidents, you might feel like air travel is too dangerous and decide to travel by car instead. Because those examples of air disasters came to mind so easily, the availability heuristic leads you to think that plane crashes are more common than they really are. The representativeness heuristic  involves making a decision by comparing the present situation to the most representative mental prototype. When you are trying to decide if someone is trustworthy, you might compare aspects of the individual to other mental examples you hold. A sweet older woman might remind you of your grandmother, so you might immediately assume that she is kind, gentle and trustworthy. If you meet someone who is into yoga, spiritual healing and aromatherapy you might immediately assume that she works as a holistic healer rather than something like a school teacher or nurse. Because her traits match up to your mental prototype of a holistic healer, the representativeness heuristic causes you to classify her as more likely to work in that profession. The affect heuristic involves making choices that are strongly influenced by the emotions that an individual is experiencing at that moment. For example, research has shown that people are more likely to see decisions as having higher benefits and lower risks when they are in a positive mood. Negative emotions, on the other hand, lead people to focus on the potential downsides of a decision rather than the possible benefits.?? How Heuristics Can Lead to Bias While heuristics can speed up our problem and the decision-making process, they can introduce errors. Just because something has worked in the past does not mean that it will work again, and relying on an existing heuristic can make it difficult to see alternative solutions or come up with new ideas. As you saw in the examples above, heuristics can lead to inaccurate judgments about how common things occur and about how representative certain things may be. Heuristics can also contribute to things such as stereotypes and  prejudice.?? Because people use mental shortcuts to classify and categorize people, they often overlook more relevant information and create stereotyped categorizations that are not in tune with reality. A Word From Verywell Heuristics help make life easier and allow us to make quick decisions that are usually pretty accurate. Being aware of how these heuristics work as well as the potential biases they introduce might help you make better and more accurate decisions.

Should Amnesty Be Illegal Immigrants - 855 Words

Luis Jauregui Kelly Lepsig English 4 December 14, 2015 Every person is a human being, not an â€Å"alien†, and deserves every right, privilege, and freedom everyone has. I believe granting amnesty to immigrants can bring happiness in both the country and immigrants. For those who do not know what amnesty is, it is an official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses. My topic is about granting amnesty to immigrants in any country and to let them have every right a legal citizen has. I will be covering mostly on the immigrants who are currently living in the United States. Having illegal immigrants â€Å"Can help with the country s economy†, â€Å"Bring a better life for immigrants†, and let them have more benefits. It also gives their â€Å"Children a better education and gives them better opportunities to succeed in school and have a better job†. Granting amnesty will help for both the country and people since these â€Å"Immigrants also pay for their taxes and work really hard for wha tever job they have†. Also, It is nearly impossible to get rid of all the immigrants that live in the United States. â€Å"There are currently over 11 million immigrants in America†, just imagine the cost to get rid of them. Immigration is not such a bad thing. They are normal people who want to live in the American dream. They want the best for them and their family. They do not want to bring in trouble in America since America helps them live in a better life, that is all they want. America givesShow MoreRelatedIllegal Immigrants Should Not Receive Amnesty1899 Words   |  8 Pages Amnesty Imagine if someone broke into your house and your parents decided that the criminal would be forgiven and that he/she would be allowed to live with you. How would that make you feel? Now picture the government overlooking the fact that someone illegally entered our country and then giving them legal status in return. This is what happens when one is granted amnesty. In 1986, President Reagan signed the Immigration Reform and Control Act giving amnesty to about 3 million immigrants (A ReaganRead MoreEssay about Should Illegal Immigrants Be Granted Amnesty?2118 Words   |  9 PagesCNN, 12 million illegal immigrants currently reside in the United States, which is approximately equivalent to the populations of Illinois, Pennsylvania, Ohio, or Michigan. Removing all 12 million illegal immigrants, then, would be like removing one of the above states, a pretty incredulous task. In practical terms, it is not possible to send that many immigrants back to their respective countries effici ently and economically. This raises the issue of what to do with the immigrants that are alreadyRead MoreArgumentative Essay on Immigration1148 Words   |  5 PagesIllegal Immigration Amnesty There are many problems that the United States faces and the one that is causing several debates is illegal immigration. Thousands and thousands of illegal immigrants have come from many different places. All of them have different desires. One might want a safe future for their family, one is probably looking for a fresh start, or even a place to spread their knowledge. The big question is should illegal immigrants be granted amnesty? After the resourcesRead MoreBarack Obama s Unilateral Amnesty Program By Forbidding Department Of Homeland Security From Spending Money For Its Implementation1451 Words   |  6 Pagesimperative for you to introduce a bill that will defund President Obama’s unilateral amnesty program by forbidding Department of Homeland Security from spending money for its implementation. Next, you should prepare an immigration bill that proposes sound actions of comprehensive immigration reform that strengthen immigration laws, improve internal enforcement, tighten border security and reduce illegal immigrants with a primary goal to protect welfare of American citizens. By introducing the billRead MoreIllegals Are Costing Americans A Lot Of Money1289 Words   |  6 Pagesundocumented illegals in our country today. Only about .5% is sent back to their home country. That is too many illegals for the U.S. to take care of, and a lot of them are taking American jobs increasing our unemployment rate. Most of these Illegals bring in many drugs so they can get money to start a new life. There are too many Illegals coming into our county its’s a problem and we need to change that. Illegals are costing Americans a lot of money. In 2000 Mexico proposed that its poor works should beRead MoreThe Rights Of Illegal Immigration1690 Words   |  7 PagesJuan Guarintino was a Spanish immigrant who moved here into the United States. Juan worked for General Faucets and Plumbing and loved every minute of his job. There was only one problem that Juan was struggling with in America. Juan Guarintino was an illegal immigrant who had paid someone to smuggle him into the United States and make him a fake visa card. Now, a few days ago, he shot a man for the twenty dollars in his pocket that way he could manage his chronic cocaine problem, but the police haveRead MoreEssay about Illegal Immigrants: Amnesty1007 Words   |  5 Pagesremains to be a controversy because of the topic that is illegal immigration. According to the Department of Homeland security in 2010, there are 10.8 million illegal immigrants residing among the 300+ million Americans. Since then, the number has g rown to 11+ million people. The U.S. Congress has always sought to find the solution for illegal immigration, with amnesty being an option. If enacted, an amnesty will give unauthorized immigrants a path to legalization and eventually citizenship. The ImmigrationRead MoreAn Urgently Needed Immigration Reform Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pages Over the years there has been an increased number of immigrants into the U.S. As such, it has resulted to arguments pertaining the number of immigrants moving to the U. S. Arguably, the policy that has been put in place is not effective in realizing the intended function. Therefore, there is a need for a change in the policies that affect the immigration of citizen into the U.S. As such, this paper seeks to present the proffered policies that would help a great deal in modelling of immigrationRead MoreFamily Values Linda Chavez Summary1304 Words   |  6 PagesAre Immigrants actually hurting America? In the article â€Å"Supporting Family Values† Linda Chavez writes to inform Americans about immigrants. In American people make the assumption that immigrants are here to hurt America instead of improving America. In reality there is only a small group of immigrants that hurt America. People need to separate the groups to realize that there are immigrants who help America and th at they should be allowed to stay in America under certain circumstances. ImmigrantsRead MoreImmigration And The United States Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagesmust be addressed: what to do with illegal immigrants already in the United States, how to stop future illegal immigration, and how to improve and streamline the process of legal immigration. Illegal Immigrants Currently in the United States Illegal immigrants currently in the United States need a path towards citizenship unless they are violent criminals. There are currently approximately 11 million illegal immigrants in the United States. While these immigrants have broken the law, deporting all

Ib Economics Commentary 1 - Microeconomics Essay - 807 Words

Commentary #1 Syllabus Section: Section 1: Microeconomics Word Count: 749 Date commentary was written: October 26, 2012 Date article was published: May 20, 2012 Rebecca Bundhun, (October 19, 2012) Cost of summer getaways hit as air ticket prices rise, The National, http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/industry-insights/tourism/cost-of-summer-getaways-hit-as-air-ticket-prices-rise The cost of an airline ticket can fluctuate tremendously based on a number of factors. The goal of airlines is to maximize their capacity by having the greatest number of passengers on all trips. This may however be difficult, as airlines pricing is not only dictated by their own operating costs and profit margins required but they have to†¦show more content†¦Although prices tend to be set by supply and demand, they are also exposed to externalities. An externality occurs when the actions of consumers or producers give rise to positive or negative side effects on other people, who are not part of these actions and whose interests are not taken into consideration. A perfect example of a negative externality is the rise of jet fuel. As a barrel of oil rises, the price of jet fuel also rises and consequently the price of an airline ticket also rises. Externalities can create a positive or negative demand or effect on a product or service. Price elasticity of demand is a term that helps us understand the measure of the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to changes in price. In general, if there is a large responsiveness of the quantity demanded, the demand is referred to as being elastic, if there is a small responsiveness, demand is inelastic. Airlines take advantage of the existence of inelasticity. Mr. D’Souza states in the article, â€Å"People are still flying. People traditionally plan these breaks, and regardless of the price, they fly. The demand is very, very high.† On the contrary, airlines understand price elasticity and use this well. They know that fare prices can be considered both elastic and inelastic based on the circumstance the traveler finds themselves in. Airlines study their client base, theirShow MoreRelatedEconomics IA: Microeconomics Commentary on Heathrow Slams Price Cap Put On Airline Fees Word count:700 Words   |  3 PagesEconomics IA: Microeconomics Commentary on Heathrow Slams Price Cap Put On Airline Fees Word count: 746 Michael Lee The article is about the government trying to control price of airlines of Heathrow Airport. CAA has set a price cap on the fee Heathrow Airport charges the airline firms, wishing that this will lead to lower price in the flights for consumers. Maximum price, also referred as price ceiling, is usually set by government to limit the seller pricing system to ensure a fair and reasonableRead MoreIb Economics Notes Grade 113816 Words   |  16 Pagessame rate as P. If %∆Plt;%∆Q, this good is called relatively elastic. If %∆Pgt;%∆Q, this good is called relatively inelastic. If %∆P=%∆Q, this good is called unit elastic. Determinants of the PED -gt;Things that tell us what the PED is originally. 1) availability of substitutes –the more substitutes a good has, the easier it is for consumers to switch products if the price changes EX: if one brand of T-shirt is more expensive, choose another brand. In other words, for T-shirts, a relatively smallRead MorePMCN Case Study3324 Words   |  14 PagesThe theory of economics does not furnish a body of settled conclusions immediately applicable to policy. It is a method rather than a doctrine, an apparatus of the mind, a technique for thinking, which helps the possessor to draw correct conclusions. The ideas of economists and politicians, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood. Indeed the world is ruled by little else. Practical men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual

Communication in the Military Free Essays

string(123) " war caused by miscommunication or inadequate communication by pushing the limits of communication technology and systems\." Communication has always been important with in the military from day one. Wihtout this communication no soldier would know where to be or when to be there. When the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication in the Military or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. military first began we fought in a completely different style than we do today. Back then there was alot more chivalry to war to than there is today. They stood on line with their chests out proud of what they were doing. Without communication the first rank would not know when to fire their muskets, when to take a knee, when to begin reloading their weapons and when to stand back up to take aim to start the process all over again. According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary the classification of communication states it’s a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs or behaviour. In relation, communication is the heart of what makes the United States Army what it is today. Without Communication vital information would not be passed down from the Chief of Command to a chain of Non Commissioned Officers to the soldiers. Not to mention, innocent lives would be in jeopardy, missions would be misconstrued, and simple information from NCO to soldier would be conflicted. Lack of communication in the army means important decision on anything would not be made. Taking from the Chief of Command, if he did communicated to his dependents on decisions such as going to war, or even making the change of declaring General Martin Dempsey chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff how could we improved the nation better yet a team; because all in all the United States army is a TEAM. Not having communication within a constituency of people creates an anarchy of chaos. The smallest amount of information is always imperative. For example, if a soldier goes out over the weekend and doesn’t inform anyone of he or she whereabouts and something crucial happens to him or her no one would never know because that soldier failed to communicated with his/her battle buddy more importantly their NCO. It is important to notify your chain of command where you are at all times so that they know. This is why the Army has developed the TRiPs system so that if traveling outside of the 250 mile radius of post you are required to fill out this digital form and it be approved by your supervisor before taking the said trip so that your chain of command knows your whereabouts always. When others know about one’s location it is easier to manoeuvre to find them if anything should ever go wrong. No one wants to become a victim if something should ever go not according to plan; and that’s why it is critical to notify someone whenever going out. Communication is key due to the simple fact that if the individuals involved in the social interaction do not first form a bases of what is tolerable and what is not, how than, can they â€Å"respect† the other individual. They next element that would be necessary for a healthy respectful relationship would be empathy. Without an empathic outlook by all parties engaged in communication, how might they respect another’s point of view? Empathy must follow communication, for empathy shows acknowledgement and understanding of what was first communicated by all parties. After empathy, the final and most important step towards respect is submission. Submission is needed to assimilate each individual into respect, not per say, for one or more individuals to dominate the others. Lets break down these three ideals of respect, starting with communication. Communication is the very bases for respect. Without this very basic idea, an organization as prominent as the Army of the United States could simply not exist. The relationship between communication and respect is one sided. Communication can exist without respect, but not vice versa. An example of this could include two individuals fighting over the price of an item. Both individuals are communicating, but neither is respecting the other. By any means, the bane of communication when applied to respect is miscommunication. Miscommunication in itself is the very break down of communication. Communication plays an essential role in any institution, especially in the military. The military employs two basic forms of communication; which are verbal and non-verbal. All two forms are vital to the success of the military. Without effective communication in the military regardless of the status there cannot be a positive outcome of any situation with failure to understand what is passed. Military communication has played an important role in transmitting information, orders, and reports both in the field and at sea and between command centres and deployed units both in the field and at sea. Information is transmitted from superiors to subordinates utilizing the chain of command system. â€Å"The American Heritage dictionary of English language† defines Chain of command as a system where by authority is passed down from the top through a series of executive positions or military ranks in which each is accountable to the one directly superior. Individual unit leaders exercise command by communicating orders and instruction of commanders to their respective units. Traditionally, military communication had been in the form of sending and receiving signals. â€Å"The first military comms tool was the communication automobile designed by the Soviet Union in 1934. The basics of the communications in the beginning was the sending and receiving of signals – which were encoded so that the enemy would not be able to get hold of any top secret communication. Then the advent of distinctive signals which lead to the formation of the Signal Corps, this corp. , specialised in tactics of military comms. They evolved into a distinctive occupation where the signaller became a highly technical job dealing with all available communications methods including civil ones. In the modern world, most nations attempt to minimize the risk of war caused by miscommunication or inadequate communication by pushing the limits of communication technology and systems. You read "Communication in the Military" in category "Essay examples" As a result military communication is more intense, complicated, and often motivates the development of advanced technology for remote systems such as satellites and aircraft, both manned and unmanned, as well as computers. Computers and their varied applications have revolutionized military comms. Fortunately military communication does not always merely facilitate warfare, but often supports intelligence gathering and communication between adversaries, and thus sometimes prevents war. Signal communication is basically a means of conveying information from person or place to the other utilizing indicators such as gestures and smoke. Signal communication or signaling has long played an important role in warfare. â€Å"This form of communication is greatly employed when troops don’t want to be heard or detected and it serves to provide a means of transmitting information from reconnaissance and other units in contact with the enemy. † The military uses signal communcatio ns in many different ways and have done so since the beginning of the military. Whether it be in the form of hand and arm signals within an Infantry unit to allow everyone behind them to know what they need to do at a specific time whether it be halt or stop movement, or to take a knee, to get down in the prone, to mark a rally point to meet up at. The list goes on and on and by using a signaling form of communication it allows them to do so without being heard by an enemy force that may be in the immediate area. The signaling form of communication smoke is also used by infantry units and other ground force elements to notify others what they need to do or the position in which they are in. They use smoke to notify medevac of their position in case they have wounded or KIA within their element to be picked up. Ground troops would â€Å"pop smoke† and wait for the medevac helicopter to indicate what color of smoke that they see to know that it is they element in which they are intending to go to. Verbal communication is the most widely used form of communication in the military. This method has an advantage over the other forms of communication. It allows the person passing the information to interpret the facial expressions of those receiving the information being passed. You can also use the web now days as a form of verbal communcation. With the addition of this tool the military has become even more effective. With this tool leaders are able to send the same message to a large group of people without having to take the time out to have a formation or a gathering of the soldiers in order to do so. This method has become the primary source of communcation within the military because of its ease and almost everyone has access to a computer and the web at some point during their duty day. It reduces time in which it takes to get information put out and reduces the amount of time that one would waste by going to a gathering or formation. The people within the conversation is ultimately unlimited to whomever they would like within it and allows for multiple responses at one said time whenever they see the message and are able to send a response without taking them away from other tasks at hand and allowing them to efficiently transition from one task to the next. Military Communication is a key to the success of everything that we do in the military. Here is an example of how the web can help efficiently pass along information in the Army. With communicating in the military it has to be clear and to the point because many times it has to be passed on to someone else and there can not be any confusion. Just recently I received and email. It was to pass along what the Commander had worked out for the holiday schedule for Thanksgiving and wanted all the units to be aware of the days that we would have off and the days that we needed to post a duty also give us the days for leave that service members are allowed to take and posted a memo stating that if someone is to take leave on these dates they are not allowed to take leave for the rest of the year unless it was a red cross emergency. The purpose of this email so I can inform my team on the days that we would have off and the days allotted for leave. My commanding officer was the sender and I was the receiver. The message was the days we would have off for thanksgiving holidays. The technology used was a milper messages which is a military personal message. All involved had positive feedback. The technology used was very appropriate due to this needed to be sent out to many units at one time rather than the commander looking up each email address and sending that out that way he could send it out to each unit and then the Commanding Officer can see to it that the message was passed to each person. Another form of military communication is Cryptography. Cryptography is one of the most influential and important assets pertaining to government today. â€Å"Cryptography is the mathematical science of preparingcommunication incoherent to parties unintended to receive the message, or Cryptography is the study of methods of converting readable messages into guised unreadable information, unless one knows of the methods of decryption. This military comms method ensured that the messages reached the correct hands and eyes or ears. Nowadays digital cash, signatures, digital rights management and intellectual property rights and secure electronic commerce are its new purviews. It is also being used in computing, telecommunications and infrastructure. † In essence this what this statement is saying is that when using cryptography you are required to enter some sort of passcode or password in order to access the material contained within the message. The military uses this method when it comes to almost any kind of electronically sent mail or information. In order to access the Army Knowledge Online website which contains soldiers data and emails you are required to enter your username and password. The passwords the military requires people to use are some of the most difficult passwords to hack. All passwords must contain uppercase, lowercase letters along with numbers and special characters. Another form of Cryptography used by the military is the common access card. This card contains soldier data within a microchip that is inserted into an identification card. When using the CAC card you also have a 6-8 digit pincode that is required when acessing government computers or material. Each soldier has a CAC card that is used to get throught the gate on each military installation. This form of Cryptography takes two essential things in the miltary and forms them both into one idea. Written communication is another form in which the military uses. The written form of communication is probably the most commonly used form of communication within the military. Military uses written communication everyday. Whether it be in the form of an email which can also be considered verbal or in the form of a Memorandum for record or a DA form 4856 counseling form. One of the most important concepts to master is expressed several ways: put your bottom line first, hook your reader, make it relevant to him/her. DA PAM 600-67 lists this concept first among its seven style techniques in Paragraph 3-1 and hammers the idea home again in Paragraph 3-2. AR 25-50 says â€Å"focus first on the main point† (Paragraph 1-45) and â€Å"open with a short, clear purpose statement† ( Paragraph 1-46). † A MFR can be for the purpose of many different things. It can be used to give guidence of off limit establishments or be a directive on how a task will be carried out. Beyond that there are even more ways a memorandum for record may be used but those are just a couple that come to mind right off hand. The DA form 4856 counseling is used amongst the Army. It gives guidence to the soldier on a monthly basis or whenever they do something negative in which his or her chain of command feels it is necessary to give the soldier a negative counseling. There are many other reasons for a counseling. They can be used for promotion purposes to give the soldier a guideline to things that he or she must accomplish in order to be recommended for promotion or reasons that they are not being recommended. On a monthly basis the counseling tells a soldier how the soldier ultimately did for the previous month whether it be good or bad. The counseling will have special emphasis on what the soldier did well as well as the soldiers shortcomings, giving the soldier guidence on what he or she should work on the following month. The DA 4856 is an excellent form of communication between the Team or Squad leader and the lower enlisted within his or her team or squad when used properly. Most people in the Army do not use the counseling form in the correct manner in which it was designed to be used. This is usually due to the fact that they themselves do not understand Army communication themselves or they just do not understand how the form is actually meant to be used. The Army is begining to go back to its old way and the ways that most soldiers have been brought up in the Army is in fact the wrong way leading to what is being known as Toxic Leadership and the Department of the Army is doing their best to begin getting rid of this toxic leadership. Toxic leadership could be defined as someone that does the bare minimum or in the case of a counseling form would what is referred to as hand jamming it. Meaning that they pay no attention to their soldier but when something comes up and they do not have the counselings prepared they go back and write them and instruct the lower enlisted soldier that they are in control of to back date the form to keep them from getting in trouble as well. This form has become more and more common within the Army that is rediculous. If someone wants to be in charge of someone they should take charge and do what they are suppose to do in that position not throwing their soldier under the bus when they think thats something they have done is coming back to bite them based on their own actions†¦ They expect their soldiers to cover them but leadership is suppose to stick up for their soldiers not throw them under the bus. What kind of signal, what kind of communication is this to the lower level soldier? Not a good one and thats all that can be said. To sum up this essay there are several different forms of communication within the military that all serve their own purpose to the military. There is the communication form of signal that can be used to signal different things from telling other soldiers what they should do next when in combat, to informing air support of your position via smoke or a VS-17 panel. There is the form of verbal communication which can be used to give a platoon or company of soldiers a safety briefing for the weekend, or just to put out guidence to a select few individuals within the element. Another form of communication being cryptography. Cryptography allows one said person to send another said person a message or email or another form of typed material that you must use a passcode, pincode, or password to access. All forms of government email use this type of communication to ensure the safety and well being of the rest of the population of the United States. The last form of communication we discussed is written. Written communication is the most important and most commonly used among the military. Written comunication can be used as a MFR or counseling session for a lower level soldier. A MFR can be used in different ways, it can be used to notify soldiers of off limit establishments or just to give guidence to soldiers on how to accomplish a said task that has been given to them. A DA form 4856 is utilized to give guidence to the lower level soldier on how well they have performed over the period of a month. Commonly known as a monthly counseling but can also be used as a negative counseling to inform a soldier of wrong doing that he or she has done to recieve the statement. Negative counselings can be used in conjunction to ultimately punish the soldier using UCMJ action. All in all communcation is an essential part of the military. The lack of communication cause serious problems as well as just the lack of understanding the communication that has been given. Communication within the military is a must or nothing will get done, or get done to the standards anyway. It is imparative that all members of the United States military understand the importance of communication and excercises it on a regular basis on order for the military to effectively function. How to cite Communication in the Military, Essay examples

Successful PR Tactics

SUCCESSFUL PR TACTICS PR campaigns can be the difference between successful and unsuccessful ventures – and they’re the lifeblood for getting your company’s stories into the public eye. We’ve previously posted a blog about how to write a press release, but where do you go from there? There are a couple of different strategies out there for cultivating a PR buzz both in print and online: 1. Distributing a press release Releasing a press release is pretty easy now. There are a number of searchable databases available, such as PRWeb, PRLeap, and ClickPress, where you can upload your press release for a fee. Journalists and media members with access to these sites  will be able to search databases for relevant information or story ideas. In some cases, these sites will also distribute your press release to journalists or send your release to industry-related sites or news hubs. It’s a good idea to upload your press releases to these sites so that your news is archived and available to the online community. 2. Targeting the Media A really successful PR campaign will include directly contacting media sources. And the more respect and courtesy you show them, the more receptive theyll be to the ideas youre sending. Good old fashioned etiquette and research go a long way in this business. Try the following: Identify the correct local or regional media contacts and pay close attention to their style of reporting. Find out their preferred methods for pitching a story – maybe they only want emails, or maybe they want to be pitched on the phone, afternoons only. After identifying local and regional media contacts, broaden your range to include national, international, blog, and online contacts. Review, update, and double-check your lists regularly – the easiest way to the trash bin is to send your press release to the wrong person or a deleted email address. For more best-practice media relations tips, check out the Media Relations blog with suggestions straight from the horse’s mouth: journalists themselves.